Texas and Oklahoma are prime locations for cow-calf operations, offering ample space, favorable climates, and a strong agricultural history. However, buying land for this purpose requires careful planning. Key considerations include stocking rates, water availability, and infrastructure.

This guide will help you navigate the land buying process for a successful cow-calf operation in these states.

Understanding Animal Units (AU) and Stocking Rates

One of the first steps when buying land for a cow-calf operation is determining the land’s carrying capacity. Stocking rates are often calculated using Animal Units (AU), where one AU represents a mature 1,000-pound cow with a calf up to weaning age.

Stocking rates in Texas and Oklahoma vary based on land quality, rainfall, and forage type. As a general guideline:

• High-quality pasture: 1 AU per 2-3 acres
• Native rangeland with moderate rainfall: 1 AU per 5-8 acres
• Drier regions or poor-quality rangeland: 1 AU per 10-20 acres or more

Conduct a soil test and consult with local extension offices or the NCRA to understand the forage production potential of the land you’re considering.

Key Factors to Consider When Buying Land

1. Size and Carrying Capacity: Ensure the land’s carrying capacity aligns with your planned operation size. To maximize your capacity, you may consider leasing additional land in the area.
2. Water Sources: Reliable water sources, such as ponds, creeks, or wells, are crucial for cattle.
3. Fencing and Infrastructure: Sturdy perimeter fencing/ hot wire and cross-fencing for rotational grazing are essential. Consider additional infrastructure like cattle pens, shelters, and storage buildings.
4. Proximity to Markets and Resources: Choose land close to livestock markets, feed suppliers, and veterinary services.
5. Soil Health and Vegetation: Look for land with healthy soil and a mix of grasses and legumes. Avoid overgrazed or eroded properties.
6. Introduced Acres for Hay Production: Allowing a few acres to supplement your operation with hay can be a very cost-effective approach as long as you have the equipment to bale it.

Financial and Legal Considerations

1. Budgeting: Conduct market research to understand land prices in your target area. You can also reach out to your local National Land Realty agent to receive help with this information.
2. Easements and Access: Check for existing easements and ensure clear legal access to the property.
3. Tax Benefits: Verify if the property qualifies for agricultural exemptions and understand the requirements to maintain them.
4. Zoning and Restrictions: Confirm that your planned operation complies with local zoning laws and deed restrictions.

Buying land for a cow-calf operation in Texas or Oklahoma is a significant investment. Careful planning and due diligence are essential for finding the right property to support your operation. Consult with local experts, such as agricultural extension agents and land brokers, for valuable insights.

If you are ready to find your property, reach out to a local land professional today!